Beryl
Beryl, Be3Al2(SiO3)6, exhibits a hexagonal crystal system in which stacked six-membered rings of Si tetrahedra form channels. Be tetrahedra and Al octahedra form the framework around these channels, while cations such as Fe2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ (replacing Al3+), or Li+ (replacing Be2+) occupy the channels. Na and Cs, and to a lesser extent K and Rb, are the most common alkalis to occupy the channels. Although beryl is traditionally classified as a ring silicate, it may be argued that the three-dimensional connectivity of the tetrahedral distinguishes this mineral from true ring silicates, of which tourmaline is the only common mineral in its class.
Beryl is an important gemstone, colored by small impurities to green (emerald), blue (aquamarine) and pink (morganite).
Highlighting Features
Beryllium (Be) atoms Aluminium (Al) atoms Sodium (Na) atoms Silicon (Si) atoms Oxygen (O) atoms Silicate ring structure Silicate backbone structure Single unit cell All atomsBeryl crystallizes late, and at lower temperatures and pressures, and therefore occupies cavities and open spaces along fractures. It is commonly found in granite pegmatities and biotite schists and has a prismatic/columnar structure. Beryl, when colored by chromium, forms the precious gemstone emerald. Beryl can be found in Columbia, Pakistan, Zimbabwe, the Ural Mountains, Brazil and Austria.
Artioli, G., R. Rinaldi, K. Stahl, and P.F. Zanazzi. 1993. Structure refinements of beryl by single-crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction. American Mineralogist. 78:762-768